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Description: An electronic siren made from discrete components.
Notes:
The sound produced imitates the rise and fall of an American police siren.
When first switched on the 10u capacitors is discharged and both transistors are
off. When the push button switch is pressed to 10u capacitor will charge via the
22k resistor. This voltage is applied to the base of the BC108B which will turn
on slowly. When the switch is released the capacitor will discharge via the 100k
and 47k base resistors and the transistor will slowly turn off. The change in
voltage alters the frequency of the siren. The oscillator action is more
difficult to work out. As the BC108B transistor switches on its collector
voltage falls and so the 2N3702 transistor is switched on. This happens very
quickly ( less than 1us). The 22n capacitor will charge very quickly as well.
As this capacitor is connected between the collector of the 2N3702 and the
base of the BC108B, it soon reaches almost full supply voltage. The charging
current for the capacitor is then much reduced and the collector emitter voltage
of the 2N3072 is therefore increased; the collector potential will fall. This
change in voltage is passed through the 22n capacitor to the base of the BC108B
causing it to come out of saturation slightly. As this happens its collector
voltage will rise and turn off the 2N3072 transistor more. This continues until
both transistors are off. The 22n capacitor will then discharge via the 100k,
22k resistor, the closed push button switch, 9V battery, the speaker and 56 ohm
resistor. The discharge time takes around 5-6msec. As soon as the 22n capacitor
is discharged, the BC108B transistor will switch on again and the cycle repeats.
The difference in voltage at the collector of the BC108B (caused by the charging
10u capacitor) causes the tone of the siren to change. As the 10u capacitor is
charged, the tone of the siren will rise, and as it is discharged, it will fall.
A 64 ohm loudspeaker may be used in place of the 8 ohm and 56 resistor, and the
values of components may be altered to produce different sound effects |
