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A function is declared in the following manner:
return-type function-name(parameter-list,...)
{ body... }
return-type is the variable type that the function
returns. This can not be an array type or a function type.
If not given, then int is assumed.
function-name is the name of the function.
parameter-list is the list of parameters that the
function takes separated by commas. If no parameters are
given, then the function does not take any and should be
defined with an empty set of parenthesis or with the keyword
void. If no variable type is in front of
a variable in the parameter list, then int
is assumed. Arrays and functions are not passed to
functions, but are automatically converted to pointers. If
the list is terminated with an ellipsis (,...),
then there is no set number of parameters. Note: the header
stdarg.h can be used to access arguments
when using an ellipsis.
If the function is accessed before it is defined, then it
must be prototyped so the compiler knows about the function.
Prototyping normally occurs at the beginning of the source
code, and is done in the following manner:
return-type function-name(parameter-type-list);
return-type and function-name must correspond
exactly to the actual function definition.
parameter-type-list is a list separated by commas of the
types of variable parameters. The actual names of the
parameters do not have to be given here, although they may
for the sake of clarity.
Examples:
int joe(float, double, int);
This defines the prototype for function joe.
int joe(float coin, double total, int sum)
{
/*...*/
}
This is the actual function joe.
int mary(void), *lloyd(double);
This defines the prototype for the function many with no
parameters and return type int. Function llyod is
defined with a double type parameter and returns a
pointer to an int.
int (*peter)();
Defines peter as a pointer to a function with no
parameters specified. The value of peter can be changed
to represent different functions.
int (*aaron(char *(*)(void)) (long, int);
Defines the function aaron which returns a pointer to a
function. The function aaron takes one argument: a
pointer to a function which returns a character pointer
and takes no arguments. The returned function returns a
type int and has two parameters of type long and int.
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