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(1888) Nikola Tesla
was one of the
great pioneers of the use of alternating current electricity.
Alternating current electricity changes in strength cyclically
over time and is the type of electricity that power companies
supply to homes today. Tesla invented the alternating current
induction generator, a device that changes mechanical energy
into alternating current electricity, and the Tesla coil, a
transformer that changes the frequency of alternating current.
He went to the United
States in 1884 and worked for American inventor Thomas Edison
for a year before setting up his own workshop. For much of his
time in the United States, Tesla worked with American
industrialist George Westinghouse, who bought and successfully
developed Tesla's patents, leading to the introduction of
alternating current for power transmission.
Tesla built his first
working induction motor in 1883. He found that he could raise
little interest in his inventions in Europe. He set off for New
York City, where he set up his own laboratory and workshop in
1887 to develop his motor in a practical way. Only months later
he applied for and was granted a complicated set of patents
covering the generation, transmission, and use of alternating
current electricity. Because alternating current can be
transmitted over much greater distances than direct current, it
provides the power for most of our present-day machines. At
about the same time he lectured to the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers on his alternating current system. After
learning about the talk, George Westinghouse quickly bought
Tesla's patents.
Westinghouse backed Tesla's ideas and, as a
demonstration, employed his system for lighting at the 1893
World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Months later Westinghouse
won the contract to generate electricity at Niagara Falls, New
York. He used Tesla's system to supply electricity to local
industries and deliver alternating current to the town of
Buffalo, New York, (22 mi) distant. Soon after, Tesler’s
alternating current was supplied throughout the country. His
alternating current motors were used to power machinery in all
industries.
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