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The emitter/base
junction is forward
biased.
The collector/base
junction is reversed
biased.
There is an explanation
of biasing on one of the
diode junction pages.
The middle diagram shows
the two junctions as two
diodes.
Of course, you can't
make a transistor like
this but it helps to
understand the forward
and reverse biasing.
The anodes are positive
with respect the
cathodes for forward
biasing.
They are negative with
respect to the cathodes
for reverse biasing.
The bottom diagram shows
the junctions being
correctly biased using
just one battery.
Note that there is 0.6
volts across the
base/emitter junction
when it is forward
biased, for a silicon
transistor. (0.3 volts
for a germanium one).
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